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[email protected]all chavez atomics tangible and intangible property [e.g., engineering methods, environmental modelings, dynamic processes, methods of modeling, systems architecture, auditing tools, analytical frameworks, mechanical structures, etc.,] are my own non-obvious novel innovations produced by my own faculties — conceived by the anguished effort of my own mind — forged through the sweat of my own brow — constructed with the skill of my own hands — according to my own volition — with my own means — at my own expense — specifically to correct prolific expensive american sector errors. each is the sole natural individual private property of michael a. chavez ii, one of the american people within america, secured by all bodies of unwritten and written american law, including the supreme law of the land: to promote the progress of science and useful arts, by securing for limited times to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries through patent, trademark, trade secret, and copyright protections—both pending and established—state and federal.
all rights reserved ©2018-2026 michael a. chavez ii
absolute prohibition notice: any deployment, use or reproduction of any portion of these works for any purpose—including educational, commercial, derivative, or system integration—without express written permission is absolutely prohibited.

reality is governed by causality—creator over creation.
mechanics defeats semantics—counting defeats decree—real defeats fiat
or we abandon reason itself.c.a.u.s.e. standard and taxonomy[chavez atomics universal systems engineering][nature makes laws | man makes rules][laws of nature] irreducible non-contradictory immutable constants of our persistent, mutually objective, replenishing, productive, responsive, cause-and-effect-governed, coherent, harmonious reality (eg., laws of physics, chemistry, biology: life reproducing in-kind and in abundance according to its tending, etc.,) exist and operate independently of human cognition, observation, or belief; [natural-system] wholes, parts, portions, and their relationships interacting within a mutual domain; discovered and described by one or some-belonging to all; each individual able to make deliberate use of each resource to the extent of one's awareness and the depth of one's understanding, each individual able to update their own fidelity by using telemetry-triangulations made by one's multiple inborn, innate, organic senses and faculties, which are enhanced and leveraged by invention and technology:[rules of man] cognized abstractions: definitions, instructions, logics, hierarchies, organizations, institutions, models, classifications, frameworks, systems, etc.; the degree to which man's rules, rulings, and systems measure and describe nature’s laws is the degree to which his rules, rulings, and systems are lawful:[arbitrary-constructions] property of one, some, or all; an articulated organized set of self-consistent relationships that may be an {open-construction} transducer articulations intended to map natural or synthetic external telemetry (eg., {norman feudalism breach construction} v {engels anti-dühring breach construction} v {american separate and equal property security architecture}; or {dialectical materialism} v correlation by {temporal succession}, {consensus}, et al., v causation by [c.a.u.s.a.l.]), or may be a {closed-construction} intended to map itself (eg., football); {tautological} a definition within a closed system (e.g., when a player crosses the goal line it is called a touchdown. the winner is the team with the most points). {invariant} internally consistent tautology (eg., a touchdown is always six points);by necessity:
all constructions are determined by their primitives.
both open and closed systems are limited by contradiction.
one contradiction or other error, terminates and falsifies all dependencies;
all contradictions and paradoxes indicate errant framework. externally congruent systems are also internally-coherent as well as recursively-consistent;[c.a.u.s.e. architectures] arbitrary-constructions made by michael a. chavez ii, a natural born american man, founder of chavez | atomics™; exclusive private property comprising novel conceptions of useful organized instructions, directions, and configurations for auditing, modeling, and employing wholes, parts, portions, and their relationships to enable actual mechanical work within our mutual physical domain; direct cause-and-effect, gear-strikes-gear [0|1] architectures; frameworks constructed to describe, understand, model, predict, and manipulate the action-and-reaction of some real thing or things, as well as their relationship to each other; self-supporting:innately-scalable; valid to the extent each description and utilization is externally congruent with cause and effect:[chavez atomics universal systems engineering architectures] [c.a.u.s.e. architectures] arbitrary-constructions made by michael a. chavez ii, a natural born american man, founder of chavez atomics; exclusive private property comprising novel conceptions of useful organized instructions, directions, and configurations for auditing, modeling, and employing wholes, parts, portions, and their relationships to enable actual mechanical work within our mutual physical domain;direct cause-and-effect, gear-strikes-gear [0|1] architectures; frameworks constructed to describe, understand, model, predict, and manipulate the action-and-reaction of some real thing or things, as well as their relationship to each other; self-supporting : innately-scalable.[chavez atomics universal systems audit logic] [c.a.u.s.a.l.] to process-and-organize organic-and-synthetic telemetry by cause-and-effect; identifying, circumscribing, grading, and classifying elements as [principals], [constants], [causes] and {effects} described by their {properties} and {attributes} including their {{systemic effects}}-without error including [causal phantoms] or [causal degradation.].[c.a.u.s.a.l. codex] internal system deliberation logic architecture which processes, maps, and interacts with reality; frameworks for natural and arbitrary systems used for deliberating; mechanical gear-strikes-gear, telemetry-congruent, first-principles-reasoning:[abstraction] a conceptual configuration; a cognized organization representing an element or system; a tool for reasoning, useful when graded and properly classified;[definition] explanation of mechanism and boundary of mechanism; perimeter of parameter;{function} a temporal ordered sequence of operations that transform inputs|variables into outputs|effects by constants|parameters; deliberate logic for mechanical interaction;[true] fractal consistency; self-similar : structural-repeat of foundational core across scale; universal uniformity; cause-and-effect : congruence; every depth reveals only further identical iterations (e.g., gold, the deeper you dig into gold, the more gold you find.); sound and accurate correspondence to reality;[truth] a communication that accurately describes reality-can be independently duplicated; a code so perfectly aligned with reality that it becomes a reliable map; the state of harmony achieved when an abstraction achieves the mechanical fidelity of simultaneous internal-coherency and external congruency;{honest} truth in context;[communication] mutual effort triangulation; the transmitting party can convey information that is congruent or incongruent with reality. the receiving party is responsible for interpreting the information, assigning it significance, and choosing the response-including no response at all. tone, tempo, volume, and body language are some tools available each party’s disposal.[reason-verb] to reason; the ability to move bi-directionally along the causal chain;{prediction} to project cause and effect forward in time;{retroduction} to trace causal chains backwards in time;[reason-noun] the reason; the cause of an effect;{explain} to articulate the direct and proximate origin of a set of facts and circumstances; to derive;[reasonable] an articulated set of facts and circumstances explained by cause and effect;[contiguous : action : reaction] [c:a:r] atomic continuum mechanics; deterministic field of cause and effect across all scales; correction to huygens – heavyside, contra distinct from [1925 heisenberg] and its current ‘quantum’;|[action {a+}] [:Δ:] [reaction {b-}]| pressure propagating and mediating through a medium or other connected system; area of contiguous action and reaction;[action {a+}] scaler potential gradient; [effort] deliberate input {a×d×t} action × distance × time = total potential perimeter of direct and proximate affect;[reaction {b-}] transverse flux; [work] successful output {r×d×t} reaction × distance × time = total actualized area of proximate and direct effect, potential-to-actual production; desired-delta; intended-state-change;[c.a.u.s.a.l. audit protocol]step zero
...by necessity...
setting the primitives sets the frame,
controlling the count controls the frame,
each counterpart is invited to falsify, counter, or confirm at all times.isolate a desired inquiry,
circumscribe a domain of telemetry,examine information and reduce to:[primitives] irreducible components: [principals], [constants], [causes] and {effects} described by their {properties} and {attributes} distinguished from their {{systemic effects}}.[principal] primary element; fundamental causal actor.{property} quantitative measurement (e.g., mass, dimension).{attribute} qualitative characteristic that does not initiate cause (e.g., color).[constant] immutable linking relationship between a cause and its effect; non-contradictory law of nature; contra-distinct from {invariant} internally consistent tautology.[cause] input, initiation, original action.{effect} output, outcome, product, result, consequence, reaction; action/reaction mediation chain.{{systemic effect}} secondary consequence produced by the interaction of principals; phenomenal consequences of principles interacting; product of principals that does not exist without the constituting principles; an emergent result of original causal power, itself having no original causal power- cannot initiate; emergence (e.g., a shadow). {{}},{{{}}},{{{{}}}}, etc.;[causal phantom] grading, promoting, or classifying attributes as properties, effects as causes, system effects as a primitives, or otherwise ascribing causal power to a non-causal element or abstraction; inserting a nonexistent abstraction into a mechanical system; to give an abstraction substance (e.g., a shadow causing cold).[causal degrade] omitting, grading, or misclassifying any causal element as non-causal; demoting a principal actor to an effect, an attribute, or systemic effect, or to omit entirely; misclassifying or omitting a causal element from the count; eliminating a principal or otherwise excluding a property’s causal power.describe each faithfully using the most easily understood language-triangulating key terms to avoid nuanced misrepresentation and semantic drift;examine how the wholes, parts, and portions interact, and
describe each interaction mechanically in the order of cause and effect:[cause : effect : order] [c:e:o] the formal reduction of cause and effect in its temporal order of occurrence to writing; noting, mapping, listing of consecutive inputs and outputs; mechanically described successive events of action-reaction; order of operations.-always and only reconcile to a persistent, objective, describable, triangulated, non-contradictory mechanical telemetry.-never reconcile to correlation, consensus, coercion, incentive, narration, opinion, pedigree, or certification.-given different mathematically equivalent narratives, reconcile to the most direct mechanical cause and effect, heavily weighing occam’s razor over the absurd.[{unknown}] start from zero with new desired inquiry; repeat until complete, recurse until congruent. all contradictions, paradox, non-sequitur, or other errors indicate incomplete understanding and invalidate dependencies.all c.a.u.s.a.l. audits start from zero, and can be independently reasoned, duplicated, and confirmed.

a demonstration of [c.a.u.s.a.l.] upon nature, commerce, and american civicspublished as a matter of civic duty[c.a.u.s.a.l. natural systems audit][reward] subjective benefit against subjective detriment.[life] all life deliberately applies force at all times. all force is determined to most rewardingly produce the most rewarding results-from half formed dormant hemocytes to man and woman.[mankind] is composed of independent autonomous individuals each organically endowed with [free-will] coexisting in a persistent, mutually objective, replenishing, productive, responsive, cause-and-effect-governed, coherent, harmonious reality with life reproducing in-kind and in abundance according to its tending.[sole locus] the atomic unit of the species of mankind is the organic autonomous individual.
the individual is the only locus of species consciousness. the four elements of [dominion] possess : use : exclude : dispose - are all naturally present at birth within every single individual. this is the inborn structural condition of existence for every single individual.[consciousness] organic autonomy[free-will]
[awareness] [<+>] [will][{results} [<+>] {circumstances} [<+>] {order of actions}]->[actual actions] -> [actual circumstances produced] -> [actual results produced][free-will] organic autonomous liberty; awareness, deliberation, and will form the closed free-will circuit present at birth in every single individual. *contesting individual free will requires its faculties: awareness-deliberation-action as well as a mutual predictable environment to transmit the message.[awareness] measurement of self[<+>] reward deliberation; subjective benefit against subjective detriment for each macro {results} [<+>] {circumstances} [<+>] {order of actions};constantly evaluated and communicated by the individual’s codex to the executive in packets of [emotions] reward evaluation, [urges] proposed actions, [images] full sensory replication renderings made on demand, are immediately navigable, alterable, made on demand, [rational] reasoning thoughts, received by the executive in the form of body sensations, evaluated through [introspection] auditing, considering, countering proposals from codex and creating new proposals using [will] the faculty to act on oneself including and especially to [update] the ability to alter one’s codex-only the individual can update oneself and one update may shift many other internal dependencies.[will] action on self[mankind’s constant] organic individual deliberation also consisting of a full suite of executive function primitives embodied uniquely by every single healthy matured individual including a minimum of:{introspection infinity, reason, choice, executive veto, restraint, critical thinking, attribution, prioritization, abstraction, focus, code, decode, meta-awareness, pattern recognition, self-updating, error auditing, executive override, internal on-demand instant real-time rendering engine, instant physics estimation, reward-evaluation, all manners of authorship, libet’s readiness potential and libet’s free won’t, proprioception, proprioceptive projection, instant order of operations engineering…each born able to employ any aspect of existence to the extent of one’s understanding using cause and effect mechanics- even against one’s own internal urges and chemicals, and external opposition.}[natural inborn dominion] exclusive individual |possess:use:exclude:dispose|; no force can make one act upon one’s self; self-ownership; chief executive authority vested at birth; closed exclusive autonomy inaccessible to others : operated only by self; an observable condition of existence that produces all other tangible and intangible properties.each individual executive is always supreme over their own attention, deliberations, and actions-even under duress, one decides to comply. each able to employ any aspect of existence to the extent of one’s understanding using cause and effect mechanics. each being the first cause in the chain of his own actions that make up the totality of his life- causality is his tool.as prime mover, one deliberately and constantly applies force upon the resources in his environment according to one’s own reward calculus, which one updates as one pleases, purposefully commanding cause and effect in a realm governed by cause and effect.groups are abstractions. every group of every size is composed of individuals. useful when properly graded and classified. abstraction, a mental convenience composed of individuals.[organization] individuals coordinating and building upon one another’s individual attainments;{association} independent actors with shared goals but not under a division of labor operating agreement.{category-class} individuals that share attributes but not coordinating.in all circumstances, the individual is the only means by which creative potential can be manifested.ownership is upstream, recognition is downstreamcondition exists before recognition.ownership exists ‘a priori’ another’s recognition.your dinner is yours even if the bear wants it, even if he’s hungrier than you. even if he growls. even if he overpowers you and disseisess | dispossess you of what is yours by natural right. latches can never apply to conditions of existence.free-will to property dependency chainconsciousness exists → it is self-aware → awareness, deliberation, and will forms a closed loop → that loop is inaccessible to others and operable exclusively by the self → exclusivity is dominion → a condition of existence which precedes external recognition = sum ergo possideo.[awareness <+> will] → action upon resource→ cause/effect delta → creation of intangible and tangible property.when one acts a resource with enough intelligent force to alter the natural condition of the resources, one becomes the direct and proximate cause of a new measurable state of existence; the delta between those two states is individual will made physical, the unmanifest made manifest.property plus ownership logic produces prosperitythe consensual exchange agreement is the mechanism each individual uses to dispose of their own property and accumulate different property. the atomic link of every supply chain for every industry from producer to end-user is the exchange agreement.each party agrees to provide something to the other in exchange for something in return. each providing for his own wants by providing for the wants of another.financial wealth is produced by finding, making, and fulfilling agreements.[finding agreements] locates the capital,[making agreements] secures the capital,[fulfilling agreements] perfects the agreement.agreements determine the who, what, where, when, how, and why of work.the agreement naturally forms property creation, division of labor, resource allocation, and disposition including all parts of distribution, management, and consumption through individual cooperation.all naturally governed by consent, conscience, deliberation, demand, supply, competition, breach and liability.

natural law and its organic civilization[productive jurisdiction] separate and equal mutual security compact entitled by naturethe strong rule the weak, feudal tenure. false.collective and subordinate, social contract. false.separate and equal mutual security compact. true.the self-rules-self, birth-til-death : indivisible life, liberty, and propertyeach life’s liberty is willfully manifested through worldly property. each one consubstantial with the other.initiating force can terminate one’s life, coordinating strength can subjugate one’s liberty, and organizing power can destroy one’s worldly property. all are chaos and none are law.society forms when individuals agree not to breach one another, and defend against those who do. this is known as a mutual security compact among peers. each peer being a separate and equal principal owner of the jurisdiction and party to the compact.collective and subordinate:every socialism posits the abstract species mankind to be the principle, and the individual to be its subordinate.“each of us puts his person and all his power in common under the supreme direction of the general will; and in our corporate capacity, we receive each member as an indivisible part of the whole.”—the social contract, rousseau (1762)“the principle of any sovereignty lies primarily in the nation. no corporate body, no individual may exercise any authority that does not expressly emanate from it.”—the declaration of the rights of man and the citizen article 3 (1789)“but the species is the true being of man, the eternal, the divine; in it lies the power and necessity of reason. the individual is accidental; the individual has truth only as a part of the species.” — feuerbach the essence of christianity (1841)“in this sense, the theory of the communists may be summed up in the single sentence: abolition of private property.” —marx communist manifesto (1848)where 1 is the authority to breach:
0 (1+1+1+1<1) 4 < 1 = false (norman-austin-taney-pomeroy divine authority to breach)
0 (1+1+1+1>1) = 4 >1 = false (rousseau-engels democratic authority to breach)
0 (1+1+1+1+1) ≠ 5 correction
0 (0+0+0+0+0) = 0 true none have authority to breach.[breach>security : taking>production] = ruin:phantom breach authority x individual degradation = asymmetrical accountability blackhole->liability exploit->scarcity of property->liquidation of resources-> democide.intraspecies predation is innately self-liquidating ruin; democratic cannibal predator pack hunting logic is not viable jurisdictional security machinery;none are born with the authority to breach, none can confer the authority to breach, and no collective body can aggregate authority its constituent parts do not possess, including the authority to breach. breach is not a fungible property that can negotiated, conferred or otherwise distributed.separate and equal entitled by nature mutual security compact“i set out on this ground which i suppose to be self evident, ‘that the earth belongs in usufruct to the living…what is true of every member of the society individually, is true of them all collectively,since the rights of the whole can be no more than the sum of the rights of the individuals. the group inherits nothing the individuals don’t own first.” — jefferson (1789);“the citizens of america are equal as fellow citizens, and as joint tenants in the sovereignty…”–chisolm v geargia [jay] | president of the continental congress; negotiator of the treaty of paris; first chief justice; founder, new york manumission society; author, ny manumission statutes]where 1 is mutual security of individual separate private property and coequal common property
private [possession-use-exclusion-disposition] = [1:1:1:1] and,coequal commons [possession-use-exclusion-disposition] = [1:1:1:1]1[1x1x1x1] = 1 true and scales infinitely.legalized breach destroys integrity of mutual security compact:
0[1x1x0x1] = 0 truethe power structure becomes inverted and the utility of the jurisdiction becomes defunct.separate and equal is akin to a natural joint-tenancy:-(5000bc)lbk longhouse: separate private chambers as well as coequal hallways and grand hall plus private plots, coequal common plots, and coequal greater circumscribed resources. coequal authority over commons, no authority or tallyman in private chambers or plots, none with authority to breach.*compare productive utility of 300 million separate and equal parallel processors with similar survival necessities, cooperating with real time telemetry, under mutual security, none with authority breach another; with a group of 500 people with tenth hand information, having the power to breach all.

“as the gold-finer will not out of the dust, threds or shreds of gold, let passe the least crum, in respect of the excellency of the metall; so ought not the learned reader to let passe any syllable of this law, in respect of the excellency of the matter.”
— [coke] the reports (1600-1615); institutes of the lawes of england (1628-1644)the american separate and equal mutual security compact:[mutually defended | none may breach][my private property] [[our coequal commons]] [your private property][[ordinary use by american right]]{extraordinary use by article one section eight indirect tax}“and this…we have reason to expect when he reflects that he is no more than the chief officer of the people, appointed by the laws, and circumscribed with definite powers, to assist in working the great machine of government, erected for their use, and consequently subject to their superintendence…kings are the servants, not the proprietors of the people.”— a summary view of the rights of british americans (1774)[universal jurisdiction construction-abc] every jurisdiction world-wide is composed of three stations and three parties: the principal owner sovereign, its agent government, and its subjects. principal-> agent-> subject.a-the principal, the sovereign and its properties|norman king asserting breach power by divine right of conquest, or|rousseau|marx|engels asserting breach power by right of majority, or|equal fellow citizens and joint tenant principals under mutual security compact:b-the agent, the sovereign’s government instituted to secure the sovereign’s properties
|legally empowered to breach and confiscate, or|agent trustee that facilitate mutual security compactc-the sovereign’s subjects
|all persons and properties within the reach of the sovereign borders, or|all properties created jointly or permitted to the coequal jurisdiction,(eg., governments, corporations, foreigners)[property] one’s mind, body, soul, deliberations, actions, and labors as well as the tangible and intangible products of one’s labors, plus one’s coequal claim to the commons of their home jurisdiction-including that of principal based, non-attribute, non-arbitrary separate and equal naturally productive mechanical governance.[rights and privileges mechanics] [r.p.m.] the relationship of a party to the property determines whether an act is a right or a privilege.[ownership : sovereignty : dominion] the ultimate authority to possess : use : exclude : dispose property without breaching another’s property. condition prior to recognition.[rights] to possess-use-exclude-dispose one’s own property; self-authorized acts with one’s own property, both individual and joint; [seisen] natural authority to own property [seised] simultaneous possession and ownership.{*notice: the same activities that are rights for a natural american within their home jurisdiction are privileges for limited liability entities and aliens. the american’s interest is absolute as they are the utmost responsible party for the health of their jurisdictional resources, while the alien’s and entity’s only interest is in what they can extract.”}{privileges} to possess-use-exclude-dispose another’s property; permissions bestowed by the owner; owner-permitted acts with the owner’s own property-aka {second class rights} the owner of property has the right to grant or otherwise confer a privilege to a user under the condition of non-breach. the user/agent is subject to the rules of the owner and the property rights of others.[individual private property rights] possession, use, exclusion, and disposition that does not breach another. one’s own mind, soul, body, deliberations, actions, and labors and extend to include all those tangible and intangible properties one acquires.[alien] one who lacks principal status within a jurisdictions compact[american joint property rights] coequal: possession : ordinary use – mutual defense – that does not breach.[american governmental rights] conferred powers to secure private and joint property. securing possession-use-exclusion-disposition through taxing extraordinary use of tangible and intangible properties including items and persons jointly made or permitted to the jurisdiction.[breach] any willful act that injures; to deliberately degrade, reduce, diminish, disseis, interfere, or intrude upon another’s ordinary, quiet, peaceful use of their private or joint properties.[duty: mutual security] do not breach and mutual defense.[liberties] sum total of an individual’s rights and privileges;[ordinary use] consistent with the character and purpose of the property; aligned with the thing’s function and design; Co-equal use without destruction or exclusion.[extraordinary use] consumption, alienation, transformation beyond purpose; causes meaningful interference with another’s private or joint properties.[causation] the direct and proximate willful act that causes an injury;[injury] detriment caused by the meaningful interference with another’s property’s;[damages] measurement of injury caused by breach;[penalties] punishment to deter willful or negligent breach.[adjudication] claim vs. claim origin tracing; deliberation made by a disinterested third party according to due process of law-[due process of law] [due] owed per circumstance; a regular trial according to the course and usage of common law appropriate to the case; the standardized steps of weighing facts and law on a case by case basis: where each party is able to add the weight of facts and law on their own scale, and strip the facts and law off their opponents scale through reason in private and in public before the nonconsensual disposition of property to settle accounts is authorized;[police power] the property right for an agent/trustee to secure the american’s private and joint tangible and intangible properties from meaningful interference.“unwholesome trades, slaughterhouses, operations offensive to the senses, the deposit of powder, the application of steam power to propel cars, the building with combustible materials, and the burial of the dead, may all be interdicted by law in the midst of dense masses of population on the general and rational principle that every person ought so to use his property as not to injure his neighbors.1826— kent’s commentaries (volume II) is published.1. 1872: the supreme court quotes this exact passage in the slaughterhouse cases.2. 1884: the supreme court quotes it again in butchers’ union co. v. crescent city co.3. 1887: the supreme court, in mugler v. kansas, restates the principle itself in its own words (”all property in this country is held under the implied obligation that the owner’s use of it shall not be injurious to the community”)4. 1900: “the police power of the government is shown to be confined to the detailed enforcement of the legal maxim, sic utere tuo, ut alienum non lædas. – tiedeman[taxation, indirect] a fee for use property right of the people to charge for the extraordinary use of its intangible and tangible jurisdictional properties; coextensive with sovereignty; items, objects, subjects created by, or, admitted to the jurisdiction; imposts, duties, excises; consensual;[taxation; direct] direct taxes bear upon persons, upon possessions, and enjoyment of rights; a property right of the people to demand mutual support from each other; falls upon the ownership [possession:use:exclusion:dispostion] of property : original rights are property subject to the rule of apportionment; deliberately politically difficult = anti-faction per artifex maximus; non-consensual.[confiscation] forbidden, direct taxation without apportionment; taking without due process of law, including arbitrary action by the legislature altering the character of property; rights are property.[decree] to conclude and affect the private rights of persons as between each other. not a power of any american assembly

notable concurring deliberations“so great is the regard of the law for private property, that it will not authorize the least violation of it; even for the general good of the whole community.property is that sole and despotic dominion which one man claims and exercises over the external things of the world, in total exclusion of the right of every other individual.sic utere tuo ut alienum non laedas-use your own property in such a way as not to injure that of others—every person ought so to use his property as not to injure his neighbors. —blackstone (1765) <> kent<>rawl(1826);…i have formerly observed that pure and proper slavery does not, nay, cannot, subsist in england...and indeed it is repugnant to reason, and the principles of natural law, that such a state should subsist anywhere…a slave or negro, the instant he lands in england, becomes a freeman; that is, the law will protect him in the enjoyment of his person, and his property….the principal aim of society is to protect individuals in the enjoyment of those absolute rights, which were vested in them by the immutable laws of nature; but which could not be preserved in peace without that mutual assistance and intercourse, which is gained by the institution of friendly and social communities.the absolute rights of man, considered as a free agent, endowed with discernment to know good from evil, and with liberty of choosing those measures which appear to him to be most desirable; are usually summed up in one general appellation, and denominated the natural liberty of mankind…this natural liberty consists properly in a power of acting as one thinks fit, without any restraint or control, unless by the law of nature: being a right inherent in us by birth, and one of the gifts of god to man at his creation.every wanton and causeless restraint of the will of the subject, whether practiced by a monarch, a nobility, or a popular assembly, is a degree of tyranny.…this law of nature, being coeval with mankind, and dictated by god himself, is of course superior in obligation to any otherallodium is every man’s own land, which he possesseth merely in his own right, without owing any rent or service to any superior.for whereas, before, the possessions of their subjects were perfectly allodial; (that is, wholly independent, and held of no superior at all) now they parceled out their royal territories, or persuaded their subjects to surrender up and retake their own landed property, under the like feudal obligation of military fealty.”— blackstone (1765)“it is certainly unlawful to make inroads upon others, unprovoked, and take away their liberty by no better right than superior power.” — john witherspoon, lectures on moral philosophy (1768);“the abolition of domestic slavery is the great object of desire in those colonies, where it was unhappily introduced in their infant state…our saxon ancestors held their lands, as they did their personal property, in absolute dominion, disencumbered with any superior, answering nearly to the nature of those possessions which the feudalists term allodial…under which all lands were held in absolute right. these, therefore, still form the basis, or ground-work, of the common law, to prevail wheresoever the exceptions have not taken place…let no act be passed by any one legislature which may infringe on the rights and liberties of another…the god who gave us life gave us liberty at the same time;the hand of force may destroy, but cannot disjoin them.” —a summary view of the rights of british america jefferson (1774);“that the inhabitants of the english colonies in north-america, by the immutable laws of nature, the principles of the english constitution, and the several charters or compacts, have the following rights:resolved, n.c.d. 1. that they are entitled to life, liberty and property: and they have never ceded to any foreign power whatever, a right to dispose of either without their consent.resolved, n.c.d. 2. that our ancestors, who first settled these colonies, were at the time of their emigration from the mother country, entitled to all the rights, liberties, and immunities of free and natural- born subjects, within the realm of england.resolved, n.c.d. 3. that by such emigration they by no means forfeited, surrendered, or lost any of those rights, but that they were, and their descendants now are, entitled to the exercise and enjoyment of all such of them, as their local and other circumstances enable them to exercise and enjoy.resolved, 4. that the foundation of english liberty, and of all free government, is a right in the people to participate in their legislative council:resolved, n.c.d. 5. that the respective colonies are entitled to the common law of england [saxon allodial], and more especially to the great and inestimable privilege of being tried by their peers of the vicinage, according to the course of that law. —declaration and resolves of the first continental congress (1774);“…to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the laws of nature and nature’s god entitle…we hold these truths to be self evident that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain inalienable rights…that to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men…|he has waged cruel war against human nature itself, violating it’s most sacred rights of life & liberty in the persons of a distant people who never offended him, captivating & carrying them into slavery in another hemisphere, or to incur miserable death in their transportation thither.this piratical warfare, the opprobrium of infidel powers, is the warfare of the CHRISTIAN king of great britain.determined to keep open a market where MEN should be bought & sold, he has prostituted his negative for suppressing every legislative attempt to prohibit or to restrain this execrable commerce: and that this assemblage of horrors might want no fact of distinguished die… jefferson’s first draft|and for the support of this declaration…we mutually pledge to each other our lives, our fortunes and our sacred honor.”—the unanimous declaration of the thirteen united states of america (1776);“as to the doctrine of slavery... that (it is true) has been heretofore countenanced... but nowhere is it expressly enacted or established. It has been a usage... which took its origin from the practice of some of the european nations, and the regulations of British government... for the benefit of trade and wealth.but a different idea has taken place with the people of America, more favorable to the natural rights of mankind... our constitution of covernment... sets out with declaring that all men are born free and equal... slavery is in my judgment as effectively abolished as it can be by the granting of rights and privileges wholly incompatible and repugnant to its existence.” —commonwealth v. jennison (1783);“property. this term in its particular application means “that dominion which one man claims and exercises over the external things of the world, in exclusion of every other individual.”in its larger and juster meaning, it embraces every thing to which a man may attach a value and have a right; and which leaves to every one else the like advantage.In the former sense, a man’s land, or merchandize, or money is called his property.In the latter sense, a man has a property in his opinions and the free communication of them.he has a property of peculiar value in his religious opinions, and in the profession and practice dictated by them.he has a property very dear to him in the safety and liberty of his person.he has an equal property in the free use of his faculties and free choice of the objects on which to employ them.in a word, as a man is said to have a right to his property, he may be equally said to have a property in his rights.” — maddison (1792);
...plus many more
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